The effectiveness evaluation of polyvinylidene fluoride filter bioreactors for wastewater treatment has gained considerable focus. These processes offer a promising solution to conventional treatment methods due to their excellent removal rate of various pollutants. A range of factors, including fil

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These sophisticated systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive